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oracle如何实现网络配置

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这篇文章主要介绍oracle如何实现网络配置,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!
网络配置的方法:

1、tnsname客户端–A 直接修改文件
B 通过客户端工具“网络配置助手”–win端直接打开调用Linux端,netca命令调出配置工具

2、监听器配置–服务器端

客户端配置监听服务室没有任何意义的,因为客户端没有oracle server

监听器配置文件:/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

服务器端配置一个监听器

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
) –新的监听器,监听器监听是1522端口

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

————————————————————————————

一个数据库实例被多个监听器监听案例

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status –默认打开的是LISTENER

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1 –打开的是第二个监听器

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:28:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 14:26:15
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 26 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

将ORCL注册到第二个监听器:

修改监听器配置文件:

LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME=ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)

通过监听器2访问:创建一个1522端口的连接串访问。

LISTENER1(1522) LISTENER(1521)
| |
—————————
|
ORCL
|
Oracle软件

并发访问:一个群组通过1521访问,一个群组通过1522访问.

————————————————————————————-

一个监听器监听多个端口案例

方法1:服务器端用netmgr工具添加端口

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
)
)

方法2:直接改这个配置文件

另外两个监听器都需要配置SID_LIST_串,监听器配置文件最终:

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
)
)

架构图:

LISTENER1(1522、1527~1530) LISTENER(1521、1523~1526)
| |
———————————————-
|
ORCL
|
Oracle软件

尝试通过不同的监听器不同的端口访问oracle server

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:41

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 14:48:35
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 5 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))
Services Summary…
Service “ORCL” has 2 instance(s).
Instance “ORCL”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Instance “ORCL”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “ORCLXDB” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ORCL”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “ORCL_XPT” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ORCL”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “PLSExtProc” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “PLSExtProc”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully
[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:47

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 14:49:08
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 5 min. 39 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))
Services Summary…
Service “ORCL” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ORCL”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “PLSExtProc” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “PLSExtProc”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully
————————————————————————————

静态注册–监听参数是手工添加的,启动监听后强制将ORCL注册到监听器。由于是强制的,只能确认监听器是正确的,但是
数据库不一定访问通,所以状态为UNKNOW。但是能否访问不是和这个状态有关系的。
动态注册–根据监听配置文件中的配置,由oracle的后台进程pmon将ORCL注册到监听器,而且是一定能访问通的,因为 PMON进程会测试。但是PMON不是时时刻刻都去注册的,有时间间隔,所以先启动数据库再启动监听不一定
马上监到, 有时间的延迟,因为pmon的工作是有时间间隔的。一旦监听到,状态为ready,即一定能访问通。

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ ps -ef|grep ora_pmon
oracle 9190 1 0 11:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL

Oracle默认监听的注册方法是动态注册,即往默认的监听器LISTENER上注册,listener.ora文件中不需要SID_LIST_LISTENER即可。但是静态注册必须要SID_LIST_LISTENER串和LISTENER串。

LISTENER1 = –LISTENER1静态注册
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)

LISTENER = –LISTENER动态注册
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
)
)

可以改变默认的注册监听器:即将默认的监听器由LISTENER改为LISTENER1(LISTENER1改为动态的,LISTENER改为静态的),需要做以下几步:

step1:在oracle server的tnsname.ora文件中配置一个连接串:

ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1522)) –1522对应的监听器是非默认的LISTENER1
)
)

step2:修改oracle参数:

SQL> alter system set local_listener=ORCL;

系统已更改。 –这样oracle默认往1522对应的监听器上做动态注册。

step3:修改listener.ora文件

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 = –LISTENER1变为动态注册
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER = –LISTENER变为静态注册
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
)
)

step4:动态注册不能马上生效,要等pmon进程,有延迟,但是可以强制马上

SQL> alter system register; –不等pmon,强制注册

系统已更改。

step5:确认

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:05:49

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 15:46:21
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 28 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))
Services Summary…
Service “ORCL” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ORCL”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service… –LISTENER为静态注册
Service “PLSExtProc” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “PLSExtProc”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:06:24

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
Start Date 06-JUN-2014 15:46:28
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 56 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))
Services Summary…
Service “ORCL” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ORCL”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service… –LISTENER1为动态免费主机域名注册
Service “ORCLXDB” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ORCL”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “ORCL_XPT” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ORCL”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully

注意:
1、一个实例只能有一个动态注册监听器,可以有多个静态注册的免费主机域名监听器。
2、动态注册监听器在某些时候是不可用的,pmon休息的时候,此时需要加一个静态注册监听,这样保证数据库可以时时刻刻对外访问。
3、多个监听器可以均衡访问的负载
4、到底用默认还是非默认的监听器做动态注册,取决于local_listener参数,默认是NULL,表示默认LISTENER是动态注册的,如果有值,根据值找到动态注册的监听器。

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